Superior Sensor Technology FAQ

Table of Contents

Company Overview

Who is Superior Sensor Technology?

Superior Sensor Technology is a leading developer of advanced pressure sensors specifically designed for the Industrial, HVAC, Medical, and Aviation markets. Founded in 2016 and headquartered in Los Gatos, California, the company revolutionizes high-performance, cost-driven pressure sensor markets by developing integrated, highly intelligent solutions.

What makes Superior Sensor Technology unique?

Superior’s groundbreaking NimbleSense™ architecture is the industry’s first intelligent System-in-a-Sensor, delivering 5-10 times greater accuracy than conventional sensors, remarkable design flexibility, and unique functionality tailored to specific applications.

What markets does Superior Sensor Technology serve?

Superior serves four primary markets:

  1. Medical – Ventilators, CPAP/BiPAP devices, spirometry, oxygen concentrators, anesthesia machines
  2. HVAC – Air filters, air quality monitoring, VAV boxes, differential pressure transmitters, smart home systems
  3. Industrial – Advanced manufacturing, cleanrooms, bioprocessing, lab equipment, leak detection, robotics
  4. Transportation – Aviation, UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles)

👉 Learn more about Superior Sensor Technology

Core Technology & Terminology

What is the NimbleSense™ Architecture?

NimbleSense™ is Superior Sensor Technology’s proprietary architecture, representing the industry’s first System-in-a-Sensor. It combines the MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) pressure sensor with integrated circuitry, advanced signal processing, and intelligent software, all programmable for specific end applications. This approach mirrors how IC designers create complex System-on-Chip (SoC) solutions for smartphones and automobiles.

The NimbleSense architecture enables product designers to create highly differentiated, advanced pressure-sensing solutions using a technology toolbox of building blocks, improving system performance while delivering enhanced features and cost-optimized manufacturing.

👉 Learn more about our unique NimbleSense architecture

What is a System-in-a-Sensor?

A System-in-a-Sensor is an integrated pressure sensor module that combines multiple functions typically handled by separate components:

  • MEMS pressure sensing element – The physical sensor that detects pressure changes
  • Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) – Converts analog sensor signals to digital data
  • Digital Signal Processor (DSP) – Processes and filters sensor data
  • Digital interface – I2C or SPI communication protocols
  • Application-specific building blocks – Such as closed-loop control, pressure switches, and advanced filtering

This integration significantly simplifies system design, reduces component count, improves reliability, and enables capabilities not possible with discrete components.

What are the different types of pressure sensors?

Superior Sensor Technology develops three types of pressure sensors:

  1. Differential Pressure Sensors – Measure the pressure difference between two ports (P1 and P2). Common applications include airflow measurement, filter monitoring, and CPAP devices. The sensor reads ΔP = P1 – P2.
  2. Gauge Pressure Sensors – Measure pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. One port is exposed to the measured pressure, and the other is vented to the atmosphere. Used in applications requiring measurement of absolute pressure relative to ambient conditions.
  3. Absolute Pressure Sensors – Measure pressure relative to a perfect vacuum (zero-pressure reference). These sensors feature a sealed reference chamber and are used for barometric pressure measurement, altitude sensing in aviation, and applications requiring true absolute pressure.

What is MEMS technology?

MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) is a technology that creates miniature mechanical and electromechanical devices using semiconductor fabrication techniques. In pressure sensors, MEMS technology creates a tiny silicon diaphragm that deflects under pressure. This deflection is measured using capacitive, piezoresistive, or other sensing methods. MEMS sensors offer:

  • Extremely small size (millimeter scale)
  • High sensitivity and accuracy
  • Low power consumption
  • Mass production capability with semiconductor processes
  • Excellent repeatability and long-term stability

What does TEB mean?

TEB (Total Error Band) is a comprehensive measure of sensor accuracy that accounts for all error sources across the sensor’s full operating range, including:

  • Offset error (zero-point deviation)
  • Span error (full-scale deviation)
  • Linearity error (deviation from ideal linear response)
  • Hysteresis (difference in output for the same pressure approached from different directions)
  • Repeatability (consistency of measurements)
  • Temperature effects across the operating range

TEB is typically expressed as a percentage of Full-Scale Span (FSS). Superior’s sensors achieve industry-leading TEB values of less than 0.1% FSS on some products, meaning the maximum total error is less than 0.1% of the full measurement range.

👉 Download our Data Sheet Definitions

What is the noise floor?

The noise floor is the baseline level of random electrical and mechanical noise in a sensor’s output signal. A lower noise floor enables detection of smaller pressure changes and improves measurement resolution. Superior’s NimbleSense architecture delivers the industry’s lowest noise floor through:

  • Advanced MEMS design that minimizes mechanical noise
  • Integrated signal conditioning and amplification
  • Multi-order digital filtering

This low noise floor directly translates into higher accuracy, better resolution, and more stable measurements.

What is FSS (Full-Scale Span)?

Full-Scale Span (FSS) is the difference between the maximum and minimum pressure values that a sensor is designed to measure. For example, a sensor with a range of -250 Pa to +250 Pa has an FSS of 500 Pa. Performance specifications such as accuracy and TEB are often expressed as a percentage of FSS.

Example: A ±250 Pa sensor with ±1% FSS accuracy has a maximum error of ±5 Pa over its entire range (1% of 500 Pa is 5 Pa).

👉 Download our Data Sheet Definitions

Application-Specific vs. General-Purpose Sensors

Why are application-specific sensors better than general-purpose sensors?

Application-specific sensors are optimized for particular use cases, whereas general-purpose sensors are designed to perform adequately across many applications but are not optimized for any specific one. Superior Sensor Technology’s approach offers significant advantages:

1. Performance Optimization

Application-Specific Advantages:

  • Tuned pressure ranges: Each sensor series offers ranges optimized for target applications rather than arbitrary standard ranges
  • Custom filtering: Advanced digital filters are tuned to eliminate specific noise sources common in each application (e.g., fan noise in HVAC, pump noise in medical devices)
  • Optimized response times: Fast response for critical care ventilators, balanced response for building automation
  • Application-specific accuracy: Specifications that match what the application actually requires

General-Purpose Limitations:

  • Standard pressure ranges may not align with application needs
  • Generic filtering may not address application-specific noise sources
  • One-size-fits-all response times compromise either speed or stability
  • Accuracy specifications may be over-specified (costly) or under-specified (inadequate)

Example: HVAC air filter monitoring requires different characteristics than medical spirometry:

  • HVAC: Moderate accuracy, robust filtering for fan noise, low cost
  • Spirometry: Extreme accuracy, zero-drift elimination, position insensitivity.

A general-purpose sensor can’t optimize for both.

2. Integrated Features Reduce System Complexity

Application-Specific Advantages:

  • Built-in features: Closed-loop control for air-quality monitors, Z-Track for spirometry, Notch filter for HVAC
  • Integrated interfaces: Pressure switches, auto-zero valves, and dual sensors, all designed for specific applications
  • Simplified BOM: One integrated sensor replaces multiple discrete components
  • Optimized power consumption: Features that matter for battery-powered portables vs. line-powered industrial systems

General-Purpose Limitations:

  • External components required for application-specific functions
  • Multiple discrete parts increase cost, size, and failure points
  • Complex integration engineering required
  • Sub-optimal power consumption

Example: Superior’s CP Series for CPAP devices integrates two sensors (differential and gauge) into a single package with 3 or 4 ports. A general-purpose approach would require:

  • Two separate sensors
  • Custom mechanical design to mount both sensors
  • Dual calibration procedures
  • More PCB space and higher cost
  • Lower reliability (more components)

3. Cost Optimization

Application-Specific Advantages:

  • Integrated functions: One sensor replaces multiple components
  • Reduced integration costs: Less engineering time, fewer design iterations
  • Lower manufacturing costs: Simplified assembly, fewer calibration steps
  • Optimized inventory: Multi-Range technology reduces SKU proliferation

General-Purpose Limitations:

  • External components add cost
  • Higher integration and testing costs
  • Complex inventory management

Summary: The Superior Approach

Superior Sensor Technology’s philosophy is to develop application-specific sensors through a flexible platform approach:

Platform Flexibility:

  • NimbleSense architecture provides modular building blocks
  • Same core technology adapted to different applications
  • Economies of scale in manufacturing
  • Reduced development costs through reusable components

Application Optimization:

  • Each product series is optimized for specific market requirements
  • Features selected based on application needs
  • Performance is tuned for real-world use cases
  • Expert support from domain specialists

Result: Customers get sensors that are:

  • Better performing than general-purpose alternatives
  • Less expensive due to integration and simplified BOM
  • Faster to market through proven designs and support
  • More reliable through application-specific validation
  • More competitive through unique differentiated features

👉 Download our Unique Capabilities Brochure

Product Lines

What are the main product series offered by Superior Sensor Technology?

Superior offers six main product series, each optimized for specific market applications:

HVAC & Building Automation:

  • HV Series – Differential pressure sensors for HVAC applications (air filters, differential pressure transmitters, VAV boxes, building pressurization)
  • HS Series – Differential Pressure Transmitter (DPT) subsystems with extensive configurability

Industrial:

  • ND Series Low Pressure – Differential and gauge pressure sensors from ±62.5 Pa to ±7500 Pa
  • ND Series Mid Pressure – Differential and gauge pressure sensors from ±0.5 PSI to ±150 PSI
  • ND Series Absolute – Absolute pressure sensors from 0 to 150 PSIA

Medical:

  • CP Series – Integrated dual pressure sensors for CPAP/BiPAP devices (combines differential and gauge sensors in one device)
  • SP Series – Spirometry pressure sensors with Z-Track auto-zero technology
  • VN Series – 24-bit ventilator pressure sensors for critical care applications

Accessories:

  • AZ100 – Auto Zero Valve for automatic zero calibration
  • Evaluation Kits – For rapid prototyping and testing
  • Right-Angle Adapters – For lower z-height implementations

👉 Download our Product Catalog

What is the HV Series?

The HV Series is Superior’s family of differential-pressure sensors designed for HVAC applications. Key features include:

  • Multi-Range Technology – Up to 8 different pressure ranges in a single device (±25 Pa to ±15 kPa / ±0.1″ H2O to ±60″ H2O)
  • Advanced Digital Filtering – Eliminates noise from fans and blowers
  • Integrated 50/60 Hz Notch Filter – Eliminates power line noise
  • Optional Closed-Loop Control – Controls motors and fans
  • Low noise floor – Enables detection of small pressure changes for precise control
  • Digital interface – SPI and I2C communication for easy integration
  • Factory calibrated – Each range is individually calibrated and optimized

Applications: Air filter monitoring, VAV (Variable Air Volume) boxes, building pressurization, differential pressure transmitters, duct pressure measurement, demand-controlled ventilation, air quality monitoring systems.

👉 Explore our HV Series pressure sensors

What is the HS Series?

The HS Series is a unique Differential Pressure Transmitter (DPT) subsystem that is highly configurable via software to meet specific application requirements. It is designed for very high-volume applications. Features include:

  • Software configurability – Customize sensor behavior through digital interface
  • 32 pressure ranges – Single platform supports a wide range of applications
  • Transmitter modes – Can function as a full-featured transmitter or a simple sensor module
  • Rapid deployment – Design and configure your DPT in minutes rather than weeks
  • Manufacturing flexibility – One platform reduces inventory and simplifies production

Applications: Differential pressure transmitters for industrial processes.

👉 Explore our HS Series differential pressure subsystems

What is the ND Series?

The ND Series is Superior’s family of industrial pressure sensors designed for demanding applications that require extended temperature ranges, high reliability, and application-specific features.

ND Series Low Pressure (Differential & Gauge):

  • Pressure ranges from ±62.5 Pa (±0.25″ H2O) to ±7500 Pa (30″ H2O)
  • Accuracy within 0.05% with TEB less than 0.15% FSS
  • Up to 7 selectable pressure ranges per device
  • Extended temperature range: -40°C to +85°C
  • Integrated 50/60 Hz notch filter and advanced digital filtering
  • Optional closed-loop control capability

ND Series Mid Pressure (Differential & Gauge):

  • Pressure ranges from ±0.5 PSI (±3.4 kPa) to ±150 PSI (±1034 kPa)
  • Accuracy within 0.05% with TEB less than 0.15% FSS
  • Up to 7 selectable pressure ranges per device
  • Extended temperature range: -40°C to +85°C
  • Integrated 50/60 Hz notch filter and advanced digital filtering
  • Optional closed-loop control capability

ND Series Absolute:

  • Measures absolute pressure from 0 to 150 PSIA
  • Sealed vacuum reference chamber
  • Ideal for barometric pressure, altitude sensing, and vacuum measurement

Applications: Advanced manufacturing, cleanrooms, bioprocessing, laboratory equipment, leak detection, robotics, automotive systems, chemical processing, vacuum systems.

👉 Explore our ND Series pressure sensors

What is the CP Series?

The CP Series is Superior’s revolutionary integrated dual-pressure sensor for CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) and BiPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure) devices. This industry-first solution integrates two sensors into a single package:

  • Differential pressure sensor – Measures airflow through the breathing circuit
  • Gauge pressure sensor – Measures mask pressure delivered to the patient
  • 3-port configuration – Shared ports for smaller system designs
  • 4-port configuration – Dedicated ports for both sensing functions
  • 64 configurations – Supports a wide range of patient populations (children to adults)
  • Faster system response – Optimized for rapid pressure changes during breathing cycles

Benefits: Smaller device footprint, reduced component count, improved reliability, simplified manufacturing, lower system cost, enhanced patient safety.

Applications: CPAP machines, BiPAP devices, APAP devices, home ventilators, and respiratory therapy equipment.

👉 Explore our CP Series pressure sensors

What is the SP Series?

The SP Series is designed for spirometry applications, which are diagnostic tools that measure lung function. The series features Superior’s proprietary Z-Track technology to eliminate zero drift, a critical factor for accurate pulmonary function testing. Key features:

  • Z-Track auto-zero technology – Eliminates zero-point drift for consistent accuracy
  • Position insensitivity – Accurate readings regardless of device orientation (rated to within ±0.25 Pa)
  • Wide dynamic range – Supports all patient types from children to athletes
  • Fast data transfer rate – Real-time breath-by-breath analysis

Benefits: More accurate diagnoses, better treatment planning, consistent results regardless of device positioning, no warm-up time required, and no drift over time.

Applications: Spirometers (medical office, hospital, portable), pulmonary function testing systems, asthma monitoring devices, athletic performance testing, and occupational health screening.

👉 Explore our SP Series pressure sensors

What is the VN Series?

The VN Series is Superior’s comprehensive product family for critical care ventilators, designed to measure multiple pressure points within a ventilator system:

  • Inlet pressure – Measures oxygen/air supply pressure
  • Flow measurement – Differential pressure across flow elements
  • Inspiratory pressure – Pressure delivered during inhalation
  • Expiratory pressure – Pressure during the exhalation phase
  • Barometric pressure – Ambient atmospheric pressure reference

Features:

  • 24-bit resolution – Provides consistent accuracy regardless of bandwidth
  • Extreme resolution – Detects subtle pressure changes critical for patient safety
  • Oversampling – High-speed data acquisition for precise waveform capture
  • Wide patient support – Calibrated for neonatal, pediatric, and adult ventilation
  • Fast response – Millisecond-level response times for closed-loop control

Applications: ICU ventilators, emergency ventilators, transport ventilators, and anesthesia delivery systems.

👉 Explore our VN Series pressure sensors

What is the AZ100 Auto Zero Valve?

The AZ100 is Superior’s integrated Auto Zero Valve that connects directly to pressure sensors for applications requiring automatic zero calibration. Features:

  • Direct sensor connection – Eliminates tubing between valve and sensor
  • Simplified PCB design – Shares PCB with non-auto-zero implementations
  • Easier assembly – Reduces manufacturing complexity
  • Extended temperature operation – No performance degradation at extreme temperatures
  • 24 VDC operation – Standard industrial voltage with PH2.0 2-pin connector
  • Universal compatibility – Works with all Superior Sensor pressure sensors

Benefits: Eliminates long-term drift, maintains accuracy over time, reduces maintenance requirements, simplifies product design, and improves measurement reliability.

Applications: HVAC systems requiring periodic re-zeroing, medical ventilators, cleanroom pressure monitoring, long-term deployment industrial systems, and portable measurement devices.

👉 Explore our AZ100 auto-zero valve

Technology Building Blocks

The NimbleSense architecture provides several application-specific building blocks that can be selectively integrated into sensors to meet customer requirements.

What is Multi-Range Technology?

Multi-Range Technology enables a single sensor device to support up to eight pressure ranges, with each range factory-calibrated and optimized to maintain consistent accuracy, TEB, and stability regardless of the selected range.

How it works:

  • Each pressure range is individually calibrated at the factory
  • Range selection is controlled through a simple software command
  • All ranges maintain the same high accuracy and low TEB
  • No hardware changes required when switching ranges

Benefits:

  1. Design Flexibility – Adjust pressure range throughout the development cycle without hardware changes
  2. Simplified Product Design – One sensor replaces up to 8 different sensors
  3. Quick Product Variants – Develop different product models using the same sensor hardware
  4. Economies of Scale – Purchase larger quantities of a single part number
  5. Reduced Manufacturing Complexity – Simplified calibration and testing procedures
  6. Inventory Reduction – Up to 8× reduction in sensor inventory costs
  7. Reduced Obsolescence Risk – One part number supports the entire product family
  8. Lower Working Capital – Build fewer product variants while serving more markets

Example: The HV Series supports 12 pressure ranges, from ±25 Pa (0.1″ H2O) to ±15 kPa (60″ H2O), with individual sensor models supporting 4 to 8 of these ranges. A manufacturer can use the same sensor for both low-pressure air filter monitoring (50 Pa range) and higher-pressure duct applications (2500 Pa range) by simply changing a software parameter.

Comparison to the conventional approach: Traditional sensors require purchasing, stocking, and managing 8 different part numbers, each with its own calibration procedures, inventory levels, and potential obsolescence risks.

👉 Watch our Multi-Range explainer video

👉 Read our Multi-Range blog post

What is Z-Track Technology?

Z-Track Technology is Superior’s proprietary technology that eliminates zero-point drift, which is crucial for accurate readings in medical devices like Spirometers. This technology maintains minimal zero-point deviation regardless of the elapsed time.

The Zero Drift Problem: Traditional pressure sensors experience gradual shifts in their zero-point reading over time due to:

  • Temperature cycling effects
  • Mechanical stress relaxation
  • Component aging
  • Environmental factors

This drift can cause measurement errors, especially in low-pressure applications where the drift magnitude approaches the measured values.

How Z-Track Solves It: Z-Track technology maintains minimal zero-point deviation over time through sophisticated compensation algorithms and optimized sensor design. Combined with Superior’s position insensitivity capability (rated to within 0.25 Pa), Z-Track ensures the most accurate readings for spirometry and other critical applications.

Benefits:

  1. Eliminate Zero Errors – Most accurate readings in the industry
  2. Consistent Performance – Reliable measurements regardless of time elapsed
  3. Extremely Fast Data Transfer – Real-time breath analysis
  4. Better Medical Outcomes – More effective diagnoses and treatment plans
  5. No Warm-Up Required – Instant-on capability for point-of-care testing
  6. Reduced Intervention – No periodic re-zeroing or recalibration needed

Primary Application: Spirometry equipment, where zero drift would cause errors in lung volume calculations, leading to misdiagnosis of pulmonary conditions.

👉 Watch our Z-Track explainer video

👉 Read our Z-Track blog post

What is Integrated Closed Loop Control?

Integrated Closed Loop Control (CLC) is a capability within certain Superior sensors that enables direct control of motors, valves, and actuators to establish and maintain target flow rates through pressure measurement. All this is accomplished within the sensor module itself.

Traditional Approach (Without CLC):

  1. Pressure sensor measures differential pressure
  2. Analog signal sent to external ADC
  3. Digital data sent to the microcontroller
  4. The microcontroller runs the PID algorithm
  5. Output sent to DAC
  6. DAC drives motor/valve/actuator

Problems with the traditional approach:

  • Multiple components increase cost and complexity
  • Long signal paths introduce noise and delays
  • Loop delays limit response time
  • Requires CPU intervention, consuming additional power
  • More components = more potential failure points
  • Complex firmware development and tuning

Superior’s Integrated CLC: The NimbleSense architecture integrates the control loop directly into the sensor, delivering:

  • Up to 100× reduction in loop delays – Sub-millisecond response times
  • Direct motor/valve/actuator control – PWM and analog output drivers built in
  • Simplified system design – Eliminates external control circuitry
  • Lower system cost – Fewer components, simpler manufacturing
  • Reduced power consumption – No external CPU overhead
  • Better accuracy – Faster response to disturbances
  • Improved reliability – Fewer discrete components to fail
  • Faster time to market – No complex control loop firmware to develop

Applications:

  • Ventilators (respiratory pressure control)
  • CPAP/BiPAP devices (therapy pressure maintenance)
  • Oxygen concentrators (flow regulation)
  • Anesthesia machines (agent delivery control)
  • Air quality monitors (constant sample flow)
  • HVAC systems (zone pressure control)
  • UAVs (altitude hold, position control)
  • Industrial process control

Example Application – Air Quality Monitor: For accurate air quality measurement, a constant airflow must be maintained through the optical sensing chamber. The differential pressure across a venturi directly measures this flow. The sensor:

  • Sets a target differential pressure for the desired flow rate
  • Continuously measures the actual differential pressure
  • Automatically increases or decreases pump drive to maintain the target
  • Compensates for filter loading, altitude changes, and temperature variations
  • Maintains precise airflow without an external controller

👉 Read our Closed Loop Control blog post

What is Advanced Digital Filtering?

Advanced Digital Filtering (ADF) is a multi-order filter that leverages sophisticated filtering capabilities at the front end of the sensor subsystem to eliminate critical noise before it can impact measurements.

Noise Sources in Pressure Sensing Systems:

  • Fans and blowers (50-500 Hz mechanical vibration)
  • Air turbulence and flow fluctuations
  • Pump pulsations
  • Electromagnetic interference
  • Mechanical resonances
  • Power supply noise

Traditional Problem: In conventional systems, this noise can be mixed with the signal of interest. To filter out the noise before mixing with the signal, it must be filtered using external circuits or software filtering within the microcontroller. This approach:

  • Adds cost and complexity
  • Introduces phase delays that affect control loops
  • May not eliminate all noise sources effectively
  • Requires CPU resources

Superior’s ADF Solution: The NimbleSense architecture implements cascaded IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) and FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filters with dynamically adjustable coefficients. These filters:

  • Eliminate mechanical noise – Before it becomes an error signal
  • Are custom tuned per application – Optimized for specific noise spectra
  • Preserve signal bandwidth – Minimal phase distortion
  • Improve SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) – Dramatically enhancing signal quality

Benefits:

  1. Greatly Reduced Noise Levels – 10× to 1000× improvement
  2. Eliminate External Filtering – No external filters needed
  3. Simplified Product Design – Integrated approach reduces complexity
  4. Faster Time to Market – No external filtering system to design
  5. Better Performance in Low-Pressure Applications – Critical where signal levels are small
  6. Improved Control Loop Stability – Clean feedback signals

Example: A 4th-order FIR filter designed to eliminate pump noise above 50 Hz, where the pump noise has equal magnitude to the signal being measured. After filtering:

  • Pump noise reduced by >100×
  • Clean pressure signal preserved
  • No external filtering required
  • Simplified system design

Applications: Air quality monitors with fans, HVAC systems with blowers, medical devices with pumps, industrial systems with compressors, and any application with mechanical noise sources.

👉 Read our Advanced Digital Filtering blog post

What is a 50/60 Hz Notch Filter?

The 50/60 Hz Notch Filter is an integrated filter that eliminates power-line interference from sensor measurements, critical for applications requiring ultra-low noise performance.

The Problem: Superior’s pressure sensors have an exceptionally low noise floor, enabling them to detect electromagnetic interference from:

  • Power grid frequency (50 Hz in Europe/Asia, 60 Hz in North America)
  • AC-powered devices (motors, transformers, lighting)
  • Power supply switching noise

Without filtering, this interference appears as a periodic oscillation in the sensor output, degrading measurement accuracy.

The Solution: The integrated 50/60 Hz notch filter is built into the sensor module and:

  • Blocks interference at these specific frequencies
  • Allows all other frequencies to pass unaffected
  • Operates before the signal reaches the user’s application
  • Requires no external components or configuration

Benefits:

  1. Eliminate Power Grid Noise – Before it reaches the sensing element
  2. Maintain Ultra-Low Noise Floor – Preserve the sensor’s inherent low noise
  3. Simplified Design – No external notch filter required
  4. Faster Time to Market – No external filter design/implementation
  5. Lower System Cost – One less component to purchase and assemble
  6. Better Performance – Optimized for sensor characteristics

Applications: Laboratory instrumentation, precision measurement systems, portable devices used near AC power, medical diagnostic equipment, and sensitive industrial process control.

👉 Read our 50/60Hz Notch Filter blog post

What is a Pressure Switch?

A pressure switch is a device that changes state (typically from off to on or vice versa) when a specific pressure threshold is reached. It provides a simple binary output for alarm conditions or automated control actions.

Types of Pressure Switches:

1. Fixed Pressure Switches:

  • Threshold pre-set by the switch manufacturer
  • Cannot be changed by the device maker or the end user
  • Common in safety-critical medical devices (e.g., ventilator overpressure alarms)

2. Variable Pressure Switches (Device Manufacturer Set):

  • Threshold set by the device maker during manufacturing
  • Typically, using resistor pairs that control the voltage input
  • Cannot be changed after product assembly
  • Used when the threshold needs to account for specific system characteristics

3. Variable Pressure Switches (Field Programmable):

  • Threshold set via software or mechanical adjustment
  • Can be tuned after manufacturing
  • Example: Air filter monitors where the threshold adjusts for head loss variations

Superior’s Integrated Pressure Switch: Unlike discrete pressure switches, Superior’s pressure switch is integrated into the sensor module and offers three operating modes in a single device:

  • Fixed mode – Superior sets the threshold, delivers the configured sensor
  • Variable mode 1 – Device manufacturer configures during production
  • Variable mode 2 – Field-programmable via software for post-manufacture tuning

Benefits:

  1. Flexibility – Three modes support different customer requirements
  2. Lower System Cost – No external pressure switch needed
  3. Smaller PCB Footprint – One component instead of two
  4. Improved Reliability – Fewer external components to fail
  5. Reduced Power/Heat – Integrated design is more efficient
  6. Simplified Design – Pressure sensing and switching in one module
  7. Faster Time to Market – Fewer components to source and integrate

Applications:

  • Overpressure alarms (medical ventilators, industrial processes)
  • Air filter replacement indicators (HVAC, air purifiers)
  • Leak detection systems
  • Tank level monitoring (via pressure measurement)
  • Safety interlocks and failsafe systems
  • Automated valve control

Examples of Use Cases:

  • Medical ventilator: Fixed pressure switch at 40 cm H2O for overpressure alarm
  • HVAC air filter monitor: Field-programmable switch for accommodating different filter types and system configurations
  • Industrial cleanroom: Variable switch for maintaining precise room pressurization

👉 Watch our Pressure Switch explainer video

👉 Read our Pressure Switch blog post

Applications by Market

HVAC Applications

👉 Check our HVAC applications video

Air Filter Monitoring

Challenge: HVAC systems rely on filters to maintain indoor air quality, but as filters accumulate dust and particulates, airflow resistance rises. Without monitoring, filters either:

  • Get changed too early (wasting money on premature replacement)
  • Get changed too late (reducing system efficiency and air quality)

Solution: Superior’s HV Series sensors measure the differential pressure across the filter. As the filter loads with contaminants, the differential pressure increases. When it reaches a predetermined threshold, the system alerts for filter replacement.

Benefits:

  • Optimize filter life (replace only when needed)
  • Maintain HVAC efficiency
  • Ensure consistent air quality
  • Reduce energy consumption (clogged filters reduce airflow and increase fan power)
  • Predictive maintenance scheduling

Sensor Features Used: Multi-Range technology (one sensor supports various filter types), advanced digital filtering (eliminates system noise), pressure switch (automatic alarm at threshold).

👉 Go to our Air filter monitoring page

Air Quality Monitoring (AQM)

Challenge: Indoor air quality monitors measure particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), VOCs, and gases by drawing air through sensing chambers. Accurate pollutant concentration measurements require precisely controlled airflow, as even 2-5% variation can cause significant measurement errors.

Solution: Superior sensors measure the differential pressure across a venturi restriction in the airflow path. This differential pressure varies with flow rate according to Bernoulli’s principle (ΔP ∝ flow²). The integrated closed-loop control automatically adjusts pump speed to maintain a constant differential pressure, ensuring constant airflow.

Benefits:

  • Accurate pollutant concentration measurements
  • Automatic compensation for filter loading over time
  • Adaptation to altitude and temperature variations
  • Extended filter life through optimized flow control
  • Lower power consumption through efficient pump operation

Sensor Features Used: Closed-loop control (automatic flow regulation), advanced digital filtering (pump noise elimination), Multi-Range (supports different flow rates), positional insensitivity (accurate readings in portable devices).

👉 Go to our Air quality monitoring page

Smart Home Systems

Challenge: Modern smart homes integrate HVAC, air quality, and energy management. These systems require reliable, low-cost sensors that can communicate digitally and support multiple operating modes.

Solution: Superior’s digital sensors deliver accurate pressure measurements via SPI and I2C, enabling seamless integration with smart home controllers, voice assistants, and mobile apps.

Applications:

  • Smart thermostats with demand-controlled ventilation
  • Whole-home air purification systems
  • Automated window controls based on pressure differentials
  • Room-by-room air quality monitoring
  • Energy usage optimization based on HVAC performance

Benefits:

  • Digital communication (no ADC required in host controller)
  • Low power consumption (battery-powered wireless sensors)
  • Multi-Range flexibility (one sensor type for the entire home)
  • Reliable long-term operation (low drift, high stability)

👉 Go to our Smart home page

Variable Air Volume (VAV) Boxes

Challenge: VAV boxes regulate airflow to individual zones in commercial buildings by modulating damper positions. Accurate duct pressure measurement is critical for:

  • Maintaining proper airflow rates in each zone
  • Balancing building pressurization
  • Optimizing energy efficiency
  • Meeting building code requirements

Solution: Superior’s HV Series measures static or differential pressure across flow elements in VAV boxes, providing the feedback signal for damper control systems.

Benefits:

  • Precise zone temperature control
  • Energy savings through optimized airflow
  • Reduced fan power consumption
  • Better indoor air quality
  • Compliance with ASHRAE standards

Sensor Features Used: Advanced digital filtering (eliminates turbulence noise), Multi-Range (supports different zone sizes), digital interface (facilitates BACnet/Modbus integration).

👉 Go to our VAV page

Differential Pressure Transmitters (DPT)

Challenge: Building automation, test equipment, and commissioning require flexible pressure transmitters that can be configured for various applications, ranges, and output formats.

Solution: The HV Series delivers highly accurate differential pressure measurements with a very low noise floor, ensuring the highest accuracy regardless of where the DPT is installed. Additionally, the HS Series provides software-configurable DPT subsystems that can be customized for specific applications via digital commands. It supports 32 pressure ranges and can function as full-featured transmitters or as simple sensors.

Applications:

  • HVAC commissioning and balancing
  • Building automation systems
  • Portable test equipment
  • Duct pressure measurement
  • Cleanroom pressurization monitoring

Benefits:

  • Design flexibility (configure through software)
  • Rapid deployment (minutes vs. weeks)
  • Reduced inventory (one product supports many applications)
  • Field reconfiguration capability
  • Lower manufacturing costs

👉 Go to our DPT page

Medical Applications

CPAP/BiPAP Devices

Challenge: CPAP and BiPAP machines treat sleep apnea by delivering precisely controlled air pressure to keep airways open during sleep. These devices require:

  • Differential pressure measurement for airflow through the breathing circuit
  • Gauge pressure measurement for mask pressure delivered to the patient
  • Fast response times to track breathing cycles (12-20 breaths/minute)
  • High accuracy for effective therapy (±0.5 cm H2O or better)
  • Compact size for quiet, bedside operation
  • Low power for portable battery-powered units

Solution: The CP Series integrates both differential and gauge pressure sensors into a single 3- or 4-port package, specifically optimized for PAP therapy applications.

Features:

  • Dual integrated sensors (differential + gauge)
  • 64 configurations support all patient populations
  • Faster system response for real-time pressure adjustments
  • Enhanced safety monitoring and alarms
  • Smaller device footprint

Benefits for Manufacturers:

  • Reduced component count (one sensor instead of two)
  • Simplified manufacturing and assembly
  • Lower system cost
  • Improved reliability (fewer components)
  • Faster time to market

Benefits for Patients:

  • More accurate therapy pressure delivery
  • Better comfort through responsive pressure adjustments
  • Quieter operation (smaller, more efficient devices)
  • Enhanced safety monitoring
  • Portable devices for travel

Clinical Impact: Improved therapy compliance, better treatment outcomes for sleep apnea, reduced cardiovascular risks, improved quality of life.

👉 Check our CPAP application video

Spirometry

Challenge: Spirometers measure lung function by analyzing airflow patterns during forced breathing maneuvers. Critical measurements include:

  • FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second)
  • FVC (Forced Vital Capacity)
  • PEF (Peak Expiratory Flow)

Accuracy is paramount because even a 3% error can lead to misdiagnosis of conditions such as asthma, COPD, and pulmonary fibrosis. Traditional sensors suffer from:

  • Zero-point drift over time (cumulative error in volume calculations)
  • Position sensitivity (different readings when the device is tilted)
  • Temperature effects (warm-up required before use)
  • Limited dynamic range (can’t handle both children and athletes)

Solution: The SP Series with Z-Track technology eliminates zero drift and provides position-insensitive measurements across a wide dynamic range.

Features:

  • Z-Track auto-zero technology (no drift)
  • Position insensitivity (±0.25 Pa regardless of orientation)
  • Wide dynamic range (children to professional athletes)
  • Fast data transfer (real-time breath analysis)
  • No warm-up time required

Benefits:

  • Most accurate spirometry measurements in the industry
  • Reliable diagnosis of pulmonary conditions
  • Consistent results regardless of device positioning
  • Instant-on operation (no warm-up delay)
  • Support for all patient populations with one device
  • Better treatment planning based on accurate data

Clinical Applications:

  • Asthma diagnosis and monitoring
  • COPD screening and management
  • Pre-operative lung function assessment
  • Occupational health screening
  • Athletic performance testing
  • Pulmonary function labs

👉 Go to our Spirometry page

Ventilators

Challenge: Critical care ventilators are life-support devices that require:

  • Multiple pressure measurements (inlet, flow, inspiratory, expiratory, barometric)
  • Extreme accuracy (errors can be life-threatening)
  • Fast response times (<10 milliseconds)
  • Extreme resolution (detect subtle breathing efforts)
  • High reliability (zero tolerance for failures)
  • Support for all patient types (neonatal to adult)

Solution: The VN Series offers a comprehensive family of sensors optimized for various measurement points within the ventilator system, with features tailored for critical care applications.

Features:

  • Extreme resolution for detecting patient breathing efforts
  • Oversampling capability for high-speed waveform capture
  • Wide patient support (neonatal, pediatric, adult)
  • Fast response times for closed-loop control
  • Multiple sensor types for different measurement points

Benefits:

  • Patient safety through accurate pressure monitoring
  • Better ventilation therapy through precise control
  • Support for complex ventilation modes
  • Reliable operation in critical care environments
  • Faster emergency response times

Applications:

  • ICU ventilators
  • Emergency room ventilators
  • Transport ventilators
  • Anesthesia delivery systems
  • Home ventilators for chronic respiratory failure

👉 Check our Ventilator application video

Industrial Applications

Advanced Manufacturing

Challenge: Modern manufacturing facilities require precise environmental control for:

  • Product quality (temperature, humidity, particle control)
  • Worker safety (hazardous gas monitoring, ventilation)
  • Process control (pneumatic systems, vacuum systems)
  • Energy efficiency (optimized HVAC operation)

Solution: The ND Series industrial sensors provide:

  • Extended temperature ranges (-20°C to +85°C)
  • Wide pressure ranges (±62.5 Pa to ±150 PSI)
  • High reliability for 24/7 operation
  • Digital interfaces for Industry 4.0 integration
  • Closed-loop control capability
  • 50/60 Hz notch filter

Applications:

  • Cleanroom pressurization monitoring
  • Pneumatic system pressure monitoring
  • Vacuum system control
  • Compressed air leak detection
  • HVAC optimization
  • Chemical process control
  • Semiconductor fabrication
  • Pharmaceutical manufacturing

Benefits:

  • Improved product quality through better environmental control
  • Reduced energy costs through optimization
  • Enhanced worker safety through continuous monitoring
  • Predictive maintenance based on pressure trends
  • Industry 4.0 data collection for analytics

👉 Go to our Advanced manufacturing page

Bioprocessing

Challenge: Pharmaceutical and biotechnology manufacturing require sterile processing in bioreactors, fermenters, and filtration systems. Critical requirements include:

  • Sterile barrier maintenance through positive pressure
  • Filter integrity monitoring
  • Flow rate control for cell culture media
  • Aseptic transfer operations
  • Regulatory compliance (FDA, EMA)

Solution: Superior’s ND Series provides accurate, reliable pressure measurement for bioprocess control, with features that support GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) compliance.

Applications:

  • Bioreactor pressure monitoring
  • Sterile filtration differential pressure
  • Clean-in-place (CIP) system monitoring
  • Cross-flow filtration control
  • Isolator and barrier system pressurization
  • Single-use system pressure monitoring

Benefits:

  • Regulatory compliance through documented accuracy
  • Product quality through process control
  • Reduced contamination risk
  • Optimized filtration efficiency
  • Lower operating costs

👉 Go to our Bioprocessing page

Cleanroom Monitoring

Challenge: Cleanrooms for semiconductor, pharmaceutical, and medical device manufacturing must maintain:

  • Precise pressure differentials between zones (2.5-15 Pa typical)
  • Particle count limits (ISO 14644 classes 1-8)
  • Continuous monitoring and documentation
  • Cascade pressurization (progressive pressure drops)

Solution: The ND Series low-pressure sensors can detect the small pressure differences required for cleanroom classification and control.

Features:

  • Multi-Range for different room classes
  • Digital communication for building automation
  • Long-term stability for reliable monitoring
  • Pressure switch for alarm conditions

Applications:

  • ISO Class 5-8 cleanroom monitoring
  • Cascade pressurization control
  • Anteroom pressure monitoring
  • Containment room negative pressure
  • Pass-through chamber pressurization

Benefits:

  • Compliance with ISO 14644 standards
  • Protection of product and processes
  • Worker safety in containment applications
  • Energy optimization through precise control
  • Documented pressure records for validation

👉 Go to our Cleanroom page

Laboratory Equipment

Challenge: Research and analytical laboratories use pressure measurement for:

  • Mass spectrometers (vacuum systems)
  • Gas chromatography (carrier gas flow control)
  • Liquid chromatography (mobile phase pressure)
  • Analytical balances (draft shielding)
  • Fume hoods (face velocity control)
  • Incubators (CO2 control)

Solution: Superior’s industrial sensors provide the accuracy, stability, and flexibility required for demanding laboratory applications.

Benefits:

  • Accurate analytical results through precise pressure control
  • Improved repeatability and reproducibility
  • Compliance with analytical method requirements
  • Extended instrument uptime
  • Better operator safety

👉 Go to our Lab equipment page

Leak Detection

Challenge: Industrial facilities need to detect leaks in:

  • Compressed air systems (energy waste)
  • Pneumatic control systems (process disruption)
  • Vacuum systems (contamination risk)
  • Gas distribution systems (safety hazard)
  • Refrigeration systems (environmental impact)

Solution: Superior’s differential pressure sensors can detect pressure drops that indicate leaks, enabling:

  • Continuous leak monitoring
  • Automated leak detection
  • Leak location identification
  • Quantification of leak rates

Applications:

  • Compressed air system monitoring
  • Pipeline leak detection
  • Tank and vessel integrity testing
  • Pneumatic system diagnostics
  • HVAC duct leakage testing

Benefits:

  • Energy savings through leak elimination
  • Reduced compressed air costs
  • Improved system reliability
  • Enhanced safety
  • Environmental protection

👉 Go to our Leak detection page

Robotics

Challenge: Industrial and collaborative robots use pneumatic actuators for:

  • Gripping force control
  • Position feedback
  • Compliance control (force limiting for safety)
  • Vacuum gripping systems

Solution: Superior’s fast-response pressure sensors provide real-time feedback for pneumatic robot control systems.

Features:

  • Fast response times (<1 ms with closed-loop control)
  • Compact size for integration into robot arms
  • Digital communication (I2C) for controller integration
  • Wide pressure ranges for different actuators

Applications:

  • Pneumatic gripper force control
  • Vacuum gripper attachment detection
  • Compliant actuation for collaborative robots
  • Position feedback in pneumatic cylinders

Benefits:

  • Precise pressure control for delicate handling
  • Improved cycle times through faster response
  • Enhanced safety in human-robot collaboration
  • Better pick-and-place accuracy

👉 Go to our Robotics page

Transportation Applications

Automotive

Challenge: Modern vehicles use pressure sensors for:

  • Turbocharger boost control
  • EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) valve positioning
  • Fuel vapor management (EVAP systems)
  • Diesel particulate filter monitoring
  • Battery thermal management (EVs)
  • Tire pressure monitoring systems

Solution: Superior’s ND Series provides automotive-grade sensors with:

  • Extended temperature ranges
  • Vibration resistance
  • Long-term stability
  • Fast response for real-time control

Applications:

  • Turbocharger wastegate control (optimal boost pressure)
  • DPF differential pressure monitoring (regeneration timing)
  • Fuel tank pressure monitoring (evaporative emissions)
  • Battery cooling system control (EV thermal management)

Benefits:

  • Improved fuel efficiency through optimized engine control
  • Emissions compliance (EPA, CARB standards)
  • Enhanced performance (turbo control)
  • Extended component life (predictive maintenance)

👉 Go to our Automotive page

Aviation

Challenge: Aircraft systems require pressure measurements for:

  • Airspeed indication (pitot-static system)
  • Altitude measurement (barometric pressure)
  • Cabin pressurization control
  • Engine instrumentation
  • Environmental control systems

Solution: Superior’s aviation sensors provide:

  • Extremely fast response times
  • Wide operating altitude ranges
  • Temperature compensation
  • High reliability for safety-critical applications

Features:

  • Integrated closed-loop control for cabin pressure
  • Fast adaptation to changing flight conditions
  • Accurate airspeed and altitude measurement

Applications:

  • Pitot-static instruments
  • Cabin pressure control systems
  • Engine pressure monitoring
  • Environmental control systems
  • Hydraulic system monitoring

Benefits:

  • Enhanced flight safety
  • Passenger comfort through precise cabin pressure
  • Fuel efficiency optimization
  • Reliable instrumentation

👉 Go to our Aviation page

UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles)

Challenge: Drones and UAVs use pressure sensors for:

  • Altitude hold (barometric pressure)
  • Airspeed measurement (dynamic pressure)
  • Vertical speed indication
  • Position control (pressure-based navigation)

Solution: Superior’s sensors provide lightweight, low-power solutions with integrated closed-loop control for UAV flight controllers.

Features:

  • Low power consumption (critical for battery life)
  • Compact size and light weight
  • Fast response for dynamic flight control
  • Integrated barometric and differential pressure

Applications:

  • Altitude hold and climb rate control
  • Airspeed measurement for fixed-wing UAVs
  • Vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) control
  • Ground effect detection

Benefits:

  • Precise altitude control for aerial photography
  • Extended flight time (low power consumption)
  • Better flight stability
  • Enhanced safety through accurate instrumentation

👉 Check our UAV application video

Last updated: May 2026